#ifndef __SOCKET_INCLUDED__
#define __SOCKET_INCLUDED__

#include <string>            // For std::string
#include <exception>         // For exception class
#include <errno.h>
#include <string.h>

/**
 *   Signals a problem with the execution of a socket call.
 */
class SocketException : public std::exception
{
public:
	/**
	 *   Construct a SocketException with a explanatory message.
	 *   @param message explanatory message
	 *   @param incSysMsg true if system message (from strerror(errno))
	 *   should be postfixed to the user provided message
	 */
	SocketException(const std::string &message, bool inclSysMsg = false) ;

	/**
	 *   Provided just to guarantee that no exceptions are thrown.
	 */
	~SocketException() noexcept (true);

	/**
	 *   Get the exception message
	 *   @return exception message
	 */
	const char *what();

private:
	std::string userMessage;  // Exception message
};

/**
 *   Base class representing basic communication endpoint
 */
class Socket
{
public:
	/**
	 *   Close and deallocate this socket
	 */
	~Socket();

	/**
	 *   Get the local address
	 *   @return local address of socket
	 *   @exception SocketException thrown if fetch fails
	 */
	std::string getLocalAddress();

	/**
	 *   Get the local port
	 *   @return local port of socket
	 *   @exception SocketException thrown if fetch fails
	 */
	unsigned short getLocalPort() ;

	/**
	 *   Set the local port to the specified port and the local address
	 *   to any interface
	 *   @param localPort local port
	 *   @exception SocketException thrown if setting local port fails
	 */
	void setLocalPort(unsigned short localPort) ;

	/**
	 *   Set the local port to the specified port and the local address
	 *   to the specified address.  If you omit the port, a random port
	 *   will be selected.
	 *   @param localAddress local address
	 *   @param localPort local port
	 *   @exception SocketException thrown if setting local port or address fails
	 */
	void setLocalAddressAndPort(const std::string &localAddress,
	                            unsigned short localPort = 0) ;

	/**
	 *   If WinSock, unload the WinSock DLLs; otherwise do nothing.  We ignore
	 *   this in our sample client code but include it in the library for
	 *   completeness.  If you are running on Windows and you are concerned
	 *   about DLL resource consumption, call this after you are done with all
	 *   Socket instances.  If you execute this on Windows while some instance of
	 *   Socket exists, you are toast.  For portability of client code, this is
	 *   an empty function on non-Windows platforms so you can always include it.
	 *   @param buffer buffer to receive the data
	 *   @param bufferLen maximum number of bytes to read into buffer
	 *   @return number of bytes read, 0 for EOF, and -1 for error
	 *   @exception SocketException thrown WinSock clean up fails
	 */
	static void cleanUp() ;

	/**
	 *   Resolve the specified service for the specified protocol to the
	 *   corresponding port number in host byte order
	 *   @param service service to resolve (e.g., "http")
	 *   @param protocol protocol of service to resolve.  Default is "tcp".
	 */
	static unsigned short resolveService(const std::string &service,
	                                     const std::string &protocol = "tcp");

	void setKeepalive();
	void setBlocking(bool flag);

	int getFD();

private:
	// Prevent the user from trying to use value semantics on this object
	Socket(const Socket &sock);
	void operator=(const Socket &sock);

protected:
	int sockDesc;              // Socket descriptor
	Socket(int type, int protocol) ;
	Socket(int sockDesc);
};

/**
 *   Socket which is able to connect, send, and receive
 */
class CommunicatingSocket : public Socket
{
public:
	/**
	 *   Establish a socket connection with the given foreign
	 *   address and port
	 *   @param foreignAddress foreign address (IP address or name)
	 *   @param foreignPort foreign port
	 *   @exception SocketException thrown if unable to establish connection
	 */
	void connect(const std::string &foreignAddress, unsigned short foreignPort)
	;

	/**
	 *   Write the given buffer to this socket.  Call connect() before
	 *   calling send()
	 *   @param buffer buffer to be written
	 *   @param bufferLen number of bytes from buffer to be written
	 *   @exception SocketException thrown if unable to send data
	 */
	void send(const void *buffer, int bufferLen) ;

	/**
	 *   Read into the given buffer up to bufferLen bytes data from this
	 *   socket.  Call connect() before calling recv()
	 *   @param buffer buffer to receive the data
	 *   @param bufferLen maximum number of bytes to read into buffer
	 *   @return number of bytes read, 0 for EOF, and -1 for error
	 *   @exception SocketException thrown if unable to receive data
	 */
	int recv(void *buffer, int bufferLen) ;

	/**
	 *   Get the foreign address.  Call connect() before calling recv()
	 *   @return foreign address
	 *   @exception SocketException thrown if unable to fetch foreign address
	 */
	std::string getForeignAddress() ;

	/**
	 *   Get the foreign port.  Call connect() before calling recv()
	 *   @return foreign port
	 *   @exception SocketException thrown if unable to fetch foreign port
	 */
	unsigned short getForeignPort() ;

protected:
	CommunicatingSocket(int type, int protocol) ;
	CommunicatingSocket(int newConnSD);
};

/**
 *   TCP socket for communication with other TCP sockets
 */
class TCPSocket : public CommunicatingSocket
{
public:
	/**
	 *   Construct a TCP socket with no connection
	 *   @exception SocketException thrown if unable to create TCP socket
	 */
	TCPSocket() ;

	/**
	 *   Construct a TCP socket with a connection to the given foreign address
	 *   and port
	 *   @param foreignAddress foreign address (IP address or name)
	 *   @param foreignPort foreign port
	 *   @exception SocketException thrown if unable to create TCP socket
	 */
	TCPSocket(const std::string &foreignAddress, unsigned short foreignPort, bool keepalive = false)
	;

	bool isOpen();

private:
	// Access for TCPServerSocket::accept() connection creation
	friend class TCPServerSocket;
	TCPSocket(int newConnSD);
};

/**
 *   TCP socket class for servers
 */
class TCPServerSocket : public Socket
{
public:
	/**
	 *   Construct a TCP socket for use with a server, accepting connections
	 *   on the specified port on any interface
	 *   @param localPort local port of server socket, a value of zero will
	 *                   give a system-assigned unused port
	 *   @param queueLen maximum queue length for outstanding
	 *                   connection requests (default 5)
	 *   @exception SocketException thrown if unable to create TCP server socket
	 */
	TCPServerSocket(unsigned short localPort, int queueLen = 5, bool keepaliveIN = false);

	/**
	 *   Construct a TCP socket for use with a server, accepting connections
	 *   on the specified port on the interface specified by the given address
	 *   @param localAddress local interface (address) of server socket
	 *   @param localPort local port of server socket
	 *   @param queueLen maximum queue length for outstanding
	 *                   connection requests (default 5)
	 *   @exception SocketException thrown if unable to create TCP server socket
	 */
	TCPServerSocket(const std::string &localAddress, unsigned short localPort,
	                int queueLen = 5, bool keepaliveIN = false);

	/**
	 *   Blocks until a new connection is established on this socket or error
	 *   @return new connection socket
	 *   @exception SocketException thrown if attempt to accept a new connection fails
	 */
	TCPSocket *accept() ;


private:
	void setListen(int queueLen) ;
	bool keepalive;
};

/**
  *   UDP socket class
  */
class UDPSocket : public CommunicatingSocket
{
public:
	/**
	 *   Construct a UDP socket
	 *   @exception SocketException thrown if unable to create UDP socket
	 */
	UDPSocket() ;

	/**
	 *   Construct a UDP socket with the given local port
	 *   @param localPort local port
	 *   @exception SocketException thrown if unable to create UDP socket
	 */
	UDPSocket(unsigned short localPort) ;

	/**
	 *   Construct a UDP socket with the given local port and address
	 *   @param localAddress local address
	 *   @param localPort local port
	 *   @exception SocketException thrown if unable to create UDP socket
	 */
	UDPSocket(const std::string &localAddress, unsigned short localPort)
	;

	/**
	 *   Unset foreign address and port
	 *   @return true if disassociation is successful
	 *   @exception SocketException thrown if unable to disconnect UDP socket
	 */
	void disconnect() ;

	/**
	 *   Send the given buffer as a UDP datagram to the
	 *   specified address/port
	 *   @param buffer buffer to be written
	 *   @param bufferLen number of bytes to write
	 *   @param foreignAddress address (IP address or name) to send to
	 *   @param foreignPort port number to send to
	 *   @return true if send is successful
	 *   @exception SocketException thrown if unable to send datagram
	 */
	void sendTo(const void *buffer, int bufferLen, const std::string &foreignAddress,
	            unsigned short foreignPort) ;

	/**
	 *   Read read up to bufferLen bytes data from this socket.  The given buffer
	 *   is where the data will be placed
	 *   @param buffer buffer to receive data
	 *   @param bufferLen maximum number of bytes to receive
	 *   @param sourceAddress address of datagram source
	 *   @param sourcePort port of data source
	 *   @return number of bytes received and -1 for error
	 *   @exception SocketException thrown if unable to receive datagram
	 */
	int recvFrom(void *buffer, int bufferLen, std::string &sourceAddress,
	             unsigned short &sourcePort) ;

	/**
	 *   Set the multicast TTL
	 *   @param multicastTTL multicast TTL
	 *   @exception SocketException thrown if unable to set TTL
	 */
	void setMulticastTTL(unsigned char multicastTTL) ;

	/**
	 *   Join the specified multicast group
	 *   @param multicastGroup multicast group address to join
	 *   @exception SocketException thrown if unable to join group
	 */
	void joinGroup(const std::string &multicastGroup) ;

	/**
	 *   Leave the specified multicast group
	 *   @param multicastGroup multicast group address to leave
	 *   @exception SocketException thrown if unable to leave group
	 */
	void leaveGroup(const std::string &multicastGroup) ;

private:
	void setBroadcast();
};

#endif